Cybernetic Materials for Theory of Intelligent Systems

Abstract

This article addresses how second-order cybernetics, as a schema, facilitates the theoretical enablement of intellligent systems without reducing the comprehension of intelligence, as a concept, to passive operationality of “automated optimisation” in so-called artificial intelligence systems. There is a huge chasm of operations and problems which are computationally ineffective in ontology of algorithmic procedural systems. In lieu of proclamation by Kauffman et. al. (2012) “the evolution of life marks the end of a physics world view of law entailed dynamics”, I present a synthetic analysis of various writings on systems theory and cybernetics. I discuss approaches and implications of defining intelligence in terms of “ontological expansion” (Denizhan) or in terms of “eigenfunction problem” (von Foerster). I will go through arguments made by Denizhan, Negarestani, Rosen, Kineman, von Foerster and others and conclude with a discussion on ethical individuation of intelligent systems.